原文：

八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅。

茅飞渡江洒江郊，高者挂罥长林梢，

下者飘转沉塘坳。

南村群童欺我老无力，忍能对面为盗贼。

公然抱茅入竹去，唇焦口燥呼不得，

归来倚杖自叹息。

俄顷风定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑。

布衾多年冷似铁，娇儿恶卧踏里裂。

床头屋漏无干处，雨脚如麻未断绝。

自经丧乱少睡眠，长夜沾湿何由彻？

安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜！

风雨不动安如山。

呜呼！何时眼前突兀见此屋，

吾庐独破受冻死亦足！

阅读理解：

诗中第一段描绘了秋风肆虐，将诗人屋顶的茅草卷走的场景，体现了自然力量的强大与不可抗拒。第二段通过描写南村群童偷取茅草的行为，反映了诗人生活的困窘以及社会环境的冷漠。第三段则进一步刻画了诗人居住环境的恶劣，布衾冰冷，屋漏难眠，凸显出战乱年代普通百姓生活的艰辛。最后两段表达了诗人对理想社会的渴望，希望有广厦千万间能够庇护天下贫寒之士，即使自己独居破屋受冻而死也心甘情愿。

译文：

In the eighth month, when autumn winds howl fiercely,

They tore off three layers of thatch from my roof.

The straw flew across the river and scattered on the riverbank,

Some got caught high up in the treetops,

Others drifted down to sink into the low-lying ponds.

The children from the southern village, taking advantage of my old age and weakness,

Dared to act like bandits right before my eyes.

They openly carried away the straw and disappeared into the bamboo grove,

I called out hoarsely but to no avail,

Returning home, I leaned on my staff and sighed deeply.

After a while, the wind stopped and dark clouds gathered,

The autumn sky turned gloomy as evening approached.

My quilt, worn for many years, felt as cold as iron,

My naughty child had torn it even more in his restless sleep.

There was no dry spot left on the bed or under the roof,

The rain fell continuously like a mesh of needles.

Since the turmoil began, I have slept little,

The long nights of dampness made me wonder how I could bear it.

How can I get thousands of spacious houses,

To shelter all the poor scholars with joyous faces!

Let them stand firm against the storms, unshaken like a mountain.

Alas! When will I see such magnificent buildings rise before my eyes,

Even if my own house is broken and I freeze to death, it would be enough!

以上是对《茅屋为秋风所破歌》的阅读理解及翻译，希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏这首伟大的诗篇。