【英语定语从句讲解高中】在高中英语学习中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅在阅读理解中频繁出现,而且在写作和口语表达中也起着关键作用。掌握好定语从句,有助于提高学生的语言综合运用能力。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是指在句子中充当定语的从句,用来修饰名词或代词。这个被修饰的名词或代词称为“先行词”,而引导从句的词称为“关系词”。常见的关系词有:who、whom、whose、which、that、when、where、why 等。
例如:
- The book that is on the table is mine.
(那本放在桌子上的书是我的。)
在这个句子中,“that is on the table”就是定语从句,修饰“the book”。
二、定语从句的结构
定语从句通常由关系词引导,结构为:
先行词 + 关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
例如:
- The girl who is standing there is my sister.
(站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。)
这里,“who is standing there”是定语从句,修饰“the girl”。
三、常见关系词的用法
1. who / whom / whose
- who:指人,在从句中作主语。
- The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.
- whom:指人,在从句中作宾语。
- The student whom you met yesterday is very smart.
- whose:表示所属关系,指人或物。
- The boy whose bag was stolen is crying.
2. which
- 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- The car which is parked outside is mine.
- The book which I borrowed from the library is interesting.
3. that
- 可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- The person that called me is a friend.
- The movie that we watched last night was great.
4. when / where / why
- 这些关系副词用于时间、地点或原因的定语从句中。
- I remember the day when we first met.
- This is the house where I grew up.
- That's the reason why he left.
四、定语从句的省略
在某些情况下,关系词可以省略,特别是当它在从句中作宾语时。
例如:
- The man (that) I saw at the station is my uncle.
- The book (which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
但要注意,如果关系词在从句中作主语,则不能省略。
- The girl who is singing is my classmate.(不能说“the girl is singing”)
五、定语从句与同位语从句的区别
虽然两者都由“that”引导,但它们的结构和功能不同:
- 定语从句:对先行词进行修饰,相当于一个形容词。
- The fact that he passed the exam surprised everyone.
- 同位语从句:对前面的名词进行解释说明,相当于一个名词性从句。
- The news that he passed the exam is true.
六、练习巩固
1. The woman ______ lives next door is a doctor.
2. The book ______ I read last week was very interesting.
3. Do you know the time ______ the train leaves?
4. The place ______ we visited last summer is beautiful.
5. The reason ______ he was late is not clear.
通过不断练习和积累,高中生完全可以掌握定语从句的使用方法。希望同学们在学习过程中多思考、多应用,真正将这一语法点内化为自己的语言能力。