【定语从句讲解图表重点讲义ppt课件】 定语从句讲解图表重点讲义PPT课件
一、什么是定语从句?
在英语中,定语从句是一种用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它通常由关系代词(如 who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如 when, where, why)引导。定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词,用来进一步说明前面的名词或代词。
例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。)
在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,修饰“the book”。
二、定语从句的基本结构
1. 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
定语从句的结构一般为:
引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
例如:
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.
(站在那儿的那个人是我的老师。)
三、常见的引导词及用法
| 引导词 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
|--------|----------|------|
| who| 指人,作主语或宾语 | The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister. |
| whom | 指人,作宾语 | The person whom you met yesterday is my friend. |
| whose| 表示所属关系 | The boy whose bag was stolen is crying. |
| which| 指物,作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| that | 指人或物,作主语或宾语 | The house that we visited last week is beautiful. |
| when | 指时间,作状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| where| 指地点,作状语 | This is the place where we had our picnic. |
| why| 指原因,作状语 | That’s the reason why she left. |
四、定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句(Restrictive Relative Clause)
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,如果省略,句子意思会不完整或模糊。
例如:
- The man who is wearing a red shirt is my father.
(穿红衬衫的那个人是我的父亲。)
如果去掉“who is wearing a red shirt”,句子就变成“The man is my father”,意思就不明确了。
2. 非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Relative Clause)
非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,即使省略,句子的意思仍然完整。
例如:
- My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is coming to visit me.
(我的哥哥,住在上海,要来看我。)
如果去掉从句,句子仍通顺:“My brother is coming to visit me.”
五、定语从句的注意事项
1. 关系代词不能省略的情况
- 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,有时可以省略,但有时不能省略。
- 正确:The man (who) I saw yesterday is my teacher.
- 正确:The man who I saw yesterday is my teacher.
2. “that”和“which”的区别
- 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用“which”,不能用“that”。
- 错误:The book that is on the table is mine.(错误:应为“which”)
- 正确:The book which is on the table is mine.
3. “who”和“whom”的使用
- “who”用于指人,作主语;
- “whom”用于指人,作宾语,但在口语中常被“who”替代。
六、定语从句的常见考点
| 考点 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| 引导词的选择 | 根据先行词是人还是物选择 who/which/that |
| 从句位置 | 定语从句紧跟在先行词之后 |
| 省略规则 | 当关系代词作宾语时,可省略 |
| 非限制性从句 | 注意逗号的使用和“which”的使用 |
| 介词+关系代词 | 如:the city in which I was born |
七、图表总结
| 类型 | 引导词 | 例子 | 是否可省略 |
|------|--------|------|-------------|
| 限制性 | who/that/which | The man who is here is my friend. | 不可省略 |
| 非限制性 | which | My house, which is old, is very comfortable. | 不可省略 |
| 时间 | when | The day when we met was unforgettable. | 不可省略 |
| 地点 | where | The school where I studied is beautiful. | 不可省略 |
| 原因 | why | The reason why he left is unknown. | 不可省略 |
八、练习与巩固
练习题:
1. The woman _______ is speaking is our English teacher.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
2. The book _______ I borrowed from the library is very useful.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. when
3. The city _______ we visited last summer is very beautiful.
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. which
九、结语
定语从句是英语语法中的重要部分,掌握其结构和用法有助于提高阅读和写作能力。通过本讲义的学习,希望大家能够熟练运用定语从句,提升英语表达的准确性与多样性。
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如需制作PPT课件,可根据上述内容进行分页整理,加入图表、例句对比、练习题等模块,使课堂更加生动、易懂。